小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基本語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)詳解

英語(yǔ)詞性縮寫(xiě)n = 名詞，noun的縮寫(xiě)u = 不可數(shù)名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫(xiě)c = 可數(shù)名詞，countable noun的縮寫(xiě)v = 動(dòng)詞， verb的縮寫(xiě)vi = 不及物動(dòng)詞，intransitive verb的縮寫(xiě)vt = 及物動(dòng)詞，transitive verb的縮寫(xiě)aux.v = 助動(dòng)詞 ，auxiliary verb的縮寫(xiě)model verb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞conj = 連接詞 ，conjunction的縮寫(xiě)adj. = 形容詞，adjective的縮寫(xiě)adv.= 副詞，adverb的縮寫(xiě)art. = 冠詞，article的縮寫(xiě)prep = 介詞；preposition的縮寫(xiě)pron = 代名詞，pronoun的縮寫(xiě)num = 數(shù)詞，numeral的縮寫(xiě)int. = 感嘆詞，interjection的縮寫(xiě)英文基本句式介紹:?五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子這五個(gè)基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(說(shuō)明：S＝主語(yǔ)；V＝謂語(yǔ)；P＝表語(yǔ)；O＝賓語(yǔ)；O1＝間接賓語(yǔ)；O2＝直接賓語(yǔ)；C＝補(bǔ)語(yǔ))S十V在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi．)。

例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快They listened carefully．他們聽(tīng)得很仔細(xì)He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨凍受餓China belongs to the third world country．中國(guó)屬于第三世界國(guó)家The gas has given out．煤氣用完了My ink has run out．我的鋼筆水用完了S十V十P ???在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v．)，常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老He seen interested in the book．他似乎對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣The story sounds interesting．這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣The desk feels hard．書(shū)桌摸起來(lái)很硬The cake tastes nice．餅嘗起來(lái)很香The flowers smell sweet and nice．花聞起來(lái)香甜。

You have grown taller than before．你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了He stood quite still．他靜靜地站看He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師He could never turn traitor to his country．他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國(guó)S十V十O在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt．)，因此有賓語(yǔ)例如：I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部電影Have you read the story?你讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事嗎?They found their home easily．他們很容易找到他們的家They built a house last year．他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔覶hey‘ve put up a factory in the village．他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔SThey have taken good care of the children．這些孩子他們照看得很好You should look after your children well．你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。

S十V十O1十O2在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等例如：He gave me a book/a book to me．他給我一本書(shū)He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他帶給我一枝鋼筆He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位讓給我注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)He got me a chair/a chair for me．他給我弄了一把椅子Please do me a favor/a favor for me．請(qǐng)幫我一下He asked me a question/a question of me．他問(wèn)我個(gè)問(wèn)題注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說(shuō)法：They robbed the old man of his money．他們搶了老人的錢(qián)He’s warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。

The doctor has cured him of his disease．醫(yī)生治好了他的病We must rid the house of the rats．我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠They deprived him of his right to speak．他們剝奪了他說(shuō)話的權(quán)利S十V十O十C在此句式中，V是有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞,請(qǐng)看下面的例子They made the girl angry．他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了They found her happy that day．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興I found him out．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了I saw him in．我見(jiàn)他在家They saw a foot mark in the sand．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印They named the boy Charlie．他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理I saw him come in and go out．我見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)又出去They felt the car moving fast．他們感到汽車(chē)行駛得很快I heard the glass broken just now．我剛才聽(tīng)到玻璃碎了。