高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：將來(lái)時(shí)
考向一 ?一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.shall用于第一人稱，常被will?所代替will?在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？2. be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事The play is going to be produced next month這出戲下月開播c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了3.be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告4.be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week?等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)a. 下列動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開—When does the bus star? 汽車什么時(shí)候開？—It stars in ten minutes. 十分鐘后b. 以here，there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了c. 在時(shí)間或條件句中When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me.?比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。
d. 在動(dòng)詞hope，take care that，make sure that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了6.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒待到下周嗎？【易混辨析】考向二 ?過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的定義過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He said he would come here next Friday. 他說(shuō)他下周五來(lái)這兒I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí)他會(huì)幫助我們。
2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）?would +?動(dòng)詞原形She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告訴我們說(shuō)她將一切努力在本學(xué)期趕上其他同學(xué)When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 當(dāng)你請(qǐng)李雷幫忙時(shí)，他絕不會(huì)拒絕2）was / were going to +?動(dòng)詞原形He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告訴我說(shuō)他要參加那次會(huì)議He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他說(shuō)將要派我去火車站接她3）was / were to +?動(dòng)詞原形The building was to be completed next month. 這座建筑該在下個(gè)月竣工Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了4）was / were about to +?動(dòng)詞原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我們要離開時(shí)，天突然下起了大雨He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中飯的時(shí)候，門鈴響了5）was / were +現(xiàn)在分詞He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我們接到通知說(shuō)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快要來(lái)我們學(xué)校?3. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法（1）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，一般用于主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中He said he would stay with us. 他說(shuō)他要與我們待在一起He said he would never go there again. 他說(shuō)他絕不會(huì)再去那兒2）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的話，我就不會(huì)那樣做If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)向我們展示該如何做了。
歸納拓展】was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，was / were to +?動(dòng)詞原形，was / were about to +?動(dòng)詞原形等結(jié)構(gòu)都可表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算The conference was going to be held the next month. 會(huì)議下個(gè)月開We were to have our class at eight. 八點(diǎn)我們?cè)撋险n了。
