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第二章第二章交換機和路由器簡單配置交換機和路由器簡單配置配置方式配置方式EXEC模式模式用戶模式用戶模式對交換機和路由器的有限操作對交換機和路由器的有限操作命令提示符為命令提示符為主機名主機名主要有兩個命令模式提供命令鍵入主要有兩個命令模式提供命令鍵入.模式一模式一:EXEC模式模式(續(xù)續(xù))特權(quán)特權(quán)(或或enabled)模式模式對交換機和路由器更深入的操作對交換機和路由器更深入的操作有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力是進入其它配置模式的前提是進入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符為命令提示符為主機名主機名#模式二模式二(也是最常用的模式也是最常用的模式):Catalyst 2950 Switch啟動界面啟動界面-System Configuration Dialog-At any point you may enter a question mark?for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Continue with configuration dialog?yes/no:yesEnter IP address:ip_addressEnter IP netmask:ip_netmaskWould you like to enter a default gateway address?yes:yesIP address of the default gateway:ip_addressEnter a host name:host_nameEnter enable secret:secret_passwordWould you like to configure a Telnet password?yes yesEnter Telnet password:telnet_passwordWould you like to enable as a cluster command switch?noEnter cluster name:cls_nameLogging In to the Switch and Entering the Enable PasswordConfiguration Modes:Global configuration mode wg_sw_a#configure terminalwg_sw_a(config)#Interface configuration modewg_sw_a(config)#interface e0/1wg_sw_a(config-if)#Configuring the SwitchSets the local identity for the switchConfiguring Switch Identification配置交換機的管理配置交換機的管理IP地址地址SW2950(config)#interface vlan 1SW2950(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0SW2950(config-if)#no shutdown配置交換機的網(wǎng)關(guān)配置交換機的網(wǎng)關(guān)Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip address例如:SW2950(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.1.254Configuring the Switch IP AddressShowing Switch Initial Startup Statuswg_sw_a#show version Displays the configuration of the system hardware,software version,names and sources of configuration files,and boot images wg_sw_a#show running-configuration Displays the switchs current active configuration filewg_sw_a#show interfacesDisplays statistics for all interfaces configured on the switchSwitch show version Commandsw2950#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)C2950 Software(C2950-I6Q4L2-M),Version 12.1(14)EA1a,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Tue 02-Sep-03 03:33 by antoninoImage text-base:0 x80010000,data-base:0 x805C0000ROM:Bootstrap program is CALHOUN boot loadersw2950 uptime is 1 minuteSystem returned to ROM by power-onSystem image file is flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-14.EA1a.bincisco WS-C2950-24(RC32300)processor with 20710K bytes of memory.Last reset from system-resetRunning Standard Image24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.Base ethernet MAC Address:00:0F:72:DB:4E:C0Motherboard serial number:FOC0813Y1H6Configuration register is 0 xFsw2950#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/1FastEthernet0/1 is down,line protocol is down(notconnect)Hardware is Fast Ethernet,address is 000f.72db.4ec1(bia 000f.72db.4ec1)MTU 1500 bytes,BW 10000 Kbit,DLY 1000 usec,reliability 255/255,txload 1/255,rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA,loopback not set Keepalive set(10 sec)Auto-duplex,Auto-speed input flow-control is off,output flow-control is off ARP type:ARPA,ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input never,output 00:14:53,output hang never-More-Switch show interfaces Command路由器的簡單配置路由器的簡單配置任何時侯按任何時侯按Ctrl+C推出對話模式推出對話模式Router#setup -System Configuration Dialog-Continue with configuration dialog?yes/no:yesAt any point you may enter a question mark?for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets.Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system,extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup?yes/no:no出廠時的缺省配置出廠時的缺省配置Setup Interface SummaryFirst,would you like to see the current interface summary?yes:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?Method Status ProtocolBRI0unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:1unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:2unassignedYES unset administratively down downEthernet0unassignedYES unset administratively down downSerial0unassignedYES unset administratively down downInterfaces Found During StartupSetup Initial Global ParametersConfiguring global parameters:Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes.This password,after entered,becomes encrypted in the configuration.Enter enable secret:cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password,with some older software versions,and some boot images.Enter enable password:sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface.Enter virtual terminal password:sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management?no:Setup Initial Protocol Configurations Configure LAT?yes:no Configure AppleTalk?no:Configure DECnet?no:Configure IP?yes:Configure IGRP routing?yes:no Configure RIP routing?no:Configure CLNS?no:Configure IPX?no:Configure Vines?no:Configure XNS?no:Configure Apollo?no:Setup Interface ParametersBRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are:0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI.1 basic-1tr6.1TR6 switch type for Germany2 basic-5ess.AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada3 basic-dms100.Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada 4 basic-net3.NET3 switch type for UK and Europe5 basic-ni.National ISDN switch type6 basic-ts013.TS013 switch type for Australia7 ntt.NTT switch type for Japan8 vn3.VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type 2:Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0(BRI d-channel)interface?no:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface?no:yes Configure IP on this interface?no:yes IP address for this interface:10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface 255.0.0.0:255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0,24 subnet bits;mask is/24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface?no:Setup Script Review and UseThe following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret 5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 10.1.1.31 255.255.255.0no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:Logging In to the RouterYou can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.Router User-Mode Command Listwg_ro_c?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-More-wg_ro_c#?Exec commands:access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions(see also undebug)delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system-More-You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string,then pressing the Tab key.Router Privileged-Mode Command List幫助機制幫助機制上下文關(guān)聯(lián)幫助上下文關(guān)聯(lián)幫助錯誤信息提示錯誤信息提示指出所輸入交換機命令的錯誤所指出所輸入交換機命令的錯誤所在，以便于修改或糾正在，以便于修改或糾正.可以重新調(diào)出以前運行過的命令，可以重新調(diào)出以前運行過的命令，用來再次運行、查看或修改用來再次運行、查看或修改.之前命令保存區(qū)之前命令保存區(qū)提供命令清單和與特定命令提供命令清單和與特定命令相關(guān)聯(lián)的參數(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的參數(shù).路由上下文幫助路由上下文幫助Router#clokTranslating CLOK%Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find computer addressRouter#clear clockRouter#%Incomplete command.Router#set Set the time and dateRouter#%Incomplete command.Router#hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter#clock set 19:56:00%Incomplete command.Router#clock set 19:56:00?Day of the monthMONTH Month of the yearRouter#clock set 19:56:00 04 8%Invalid input detected at the markerRouter#clock set 19:56:00 04 August%Incomplete command.Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 August?YearCommand PromptingSyntax CheckingCommand Promptingshow version Commandwg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS(tm)2500 Software(C2500-JS-L),Version 12.0(3),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base:0 x03050C84,data-base:0 x00001000ROM:System Bootstrap,Version 11.0(10c),SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:3000 Bootstrap Software(IGS-BOOT-R),Version 11.0(10c),RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102 (一行中長字串會自動滾卷一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標移動到命令行的開始位置光標移動到命令行的開始位置.光標移動到命令行的結(jié)束位置光標移動到命令行的結(jié)束位置.回移一個單詞回移一個單詞下移一個字符下移一個字符.回移一個字符回移一個字符.下移一個單詞下移一個單詞使用增強的編輯命令使用增強的編輯命令刪除當(dāng)前字符刪除當(dāng)前字符 Router$value for customers,employees,and partners.Ctrl-P or Up arrow調(diào)出最近調(diào)出最近(前一前一)使用過的命令使用過的命令Ctrl-N or Down arrow調(diào)出更近使用過的命令調(diào)出更近使用過的命令Router show history顯示命令保存區(qū)內(nèi)容顯示命令保存區(qū)內(nèi)容Router terminal history size lines 設(shè)置命令緩沖區(qū)大小設(shè)置命令緩沖區(qū)大小查看之前用過的命令查看之前用過的命令Viewing the Configurationshow running-config and show startup-config Commandswg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!-More-wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!-More-In NVRAMIn RAMDisplays the current and saved configurationOverview of Router Modes基本實驗操作基本實驗操作WisdomenableWisdom#configure terminal Wisdom(config)#no ip domain-lookup Wisdom(config)#line console 0Wisdom(config-line)#logging synchronous Wisdom(config-line)#no exec-timeout Wisdom(config-line)#password ciscoWisdom(config-line)#loginWisdom(config-line)#exitWisdom(config)#line vty 0 4Wisdom(config-line)#logging synchronous Wisdom(config-line)#no exec-timeout Wisdom(config-line)#password ciscoWisdom(config-line)#loginWisdom(config-line)#endWisdom#configure terminalWisdom(config)#enable secret ciscoWisdom(config)#endWisdom#service password-encryption /手工加密手工加密,不再顯示明文密碼不再顯示明文密碼保存配置保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#Copies the current configuration to NVRAM保存命令保存命令Copy running-config startup-config=writeSets the local identity or message for the accessed router or interface配置路由器主機名等參數(shù)配置路由器主機名等參數(shù)配置路由器的密碼配置路由器的密碼兩條常用的命令兩條常用的命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous阻止會話退出阻止會話退出使光標還原到原來的位置，重新顯示被覆蓋的命里使光標還原到原來的位置，重新顯示被覆蓋的命里Unique addressing allows communication between end stations.Path choice is based on destination address.Location is represented by an addressIP地址規(guī)劃地址規(guī)劃主機通信對主機通信對IP地址的要求地址的要求1、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中IP地址必須唯一地址必須唯一2、在一個交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中主機必須有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號才能通信、在一個交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中主機必須有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號才能通信3、在不同的交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中（用路由器分開的網(wǎng)絡(luò)），主機不能有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號、在不同的交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中（用路由器分開的網(wǎng)絡(luò)），主機不能有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號IP尋址尋址IP 地址分類地址分類不帶子網(wǎng)的不帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址尋址帶子網(wǎng)的帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址尋址(這里的子網(wǎng)掩碼為這里的子網(wǎng)掩碼為24位位)子網(wǎng)地址子網(wǎng)地址子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼二進制子網(wǎng)掩碼二進制子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼只能有這子網(wǎng)掩碼只能有這9個數(shù)字個數(shù)字Subnets not in usethe default沒有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼缺省子網(wǎng)掩碼沒有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼缺省子網(wǎng)掩碼Network number extended by eight bits有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼(續(xù)續(xù))Network number extended by ten bits劃分子網(wǎng)的幾個捷徑劃分子網(wǎng)的幾個捷徑:1.你所選擇的子網(wǎng)掩碼將會產(chǎn)生多少個子網(wǎng)?:2的x次方-2(x代表掩碼位,即2進制為1的部分)2.每個子網(wǎng)能有多少主機?:2的y次方-2(y代表主機位,即2進制為0的部分)3.有效子網(wǎng)是?:有效子網(wǎng)號=256-10進制的子網(wǎng)掩碼4.每個子網(wǎng)的廣播地址是?:廣播地址=下個子網(wǎng)號-15.每個子網(wǎng)的有效主機分別是?:忽略子網(wǎng)內(nèi)全為0和全為1的地址剩下的就是有效主機地址.最后有效1個主機地址=下個子網(wǎng)號-2(即廣播地址-1)子網(wǎng)劃分子網(wǎng)劃分子網(wǎng)劃分子網(wǎng)劃分Other subnets220.160.1.0220.160.1.32220.160.1.64申請到一段C類地址220.160.1.0，將這段地址分配給網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的主機，要求有5個子網(wǎng)，每個子網(wǎng)最少有20臺主機，地址分配的步驟：1、確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主機位n，利用32-n算出網(wǎng)絡(luò)位，然后算出子網(wǎng)掩碼2、根據(jù)子網(wǎng)掩碼，確定每段IP地址的范圍配置路由器配置路由器IP地址地址wg_ro_c#configure terminalwg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0wg_ro_c(config-if)#no shutdownwg_ro_c(config-if)#exitshow interfacesRouter#show interfacesEthernet0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is Lance,address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 10000 Kbit,DLY 1000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA,loopback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)ARP type:ARPA,ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07,output 00:00:08,output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Queueing strategy:fifo Output queue 0/40,0 drops;input queue 0/75,0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 81833 packets input,27556491 bytes,0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts,0 runts,0 giants,0 throttles 1 input errors,0 CRC,0 frame,0 overrun,1 ignored,0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output,3929696 bytes,0 underruns 0 output errors,0 collisions,1 interface resets 0 babbles,0 late collision,4 deferred 0 lost carrier,0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures,0 output buffers swapped out接口的幾種狀態(tài)接口的幾種狀態(tài)診斷的步驟診斷的步驟檢查串口檢查串口Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up,line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC,loopback not set,keepalive set(10 sec)Last input 00:00:09,output 00:00:04,output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Total output drops:0 Queueing strategy:weighted fair Output queue:0/1000/64/0(size/max total/threshold/drops)Conversations 0/1/256(active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0(allocated/max allocated)5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec,0 packets/sec(output omitted)BW 64 Kbit,檢查檢查串行線串行線是否連接好是否連接好Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0,idb=0 x121C04,driver structure at 0 x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0,V.35 DTE cable.Shows the cable type of serial cablesV.35 DTE Cable9、靜夜四無、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊，荒居舊業(yè)貧。

5月月-235月月-23Saturday,May 6,202310、雨中黃葉、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白，燈下白頭人09:19:5909:19:5909:195/6/2023 9:19:59 AM11、以我獨沈久，愧君相、以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻5月月-2309:19:5909:19May-2306-May-2312、故人江海、故人江海別，幾度隔山川幾度隔山川09:19:5909:19:5909:19Saturday,May 6,202313、乍、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各翻疑夢，相悲各問年5月月-235月月-2309:19:5909:19:59May 6,202314、他、他鄉(xiāng)生白生白發(fā)，舊國，舊國見青山06 五月五月 20239:19:59 上午上午09:19:595月月-2315、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要五月五月 239:19 上午上午5月月-2309:19May 6,202316、行、行動出成果，工作出出成果，工作出財富2023/5/6 9:19:5909:19:5906 May 202317、做前，能、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射起點的射線向前。

向前9:19:59 上午上午9:19 上午上午09:19:595月月-239、沒有失、沒有失敗，只有，只有暫時停止成功！停止成功！5月月-235月月-23Saturday,May 6,202310、很多事情努力了未必有、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有09:19:5909:19:5909:195/6/2023 9:19:59 AM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點點小小努力的、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點點小小努力的積累5月月-2309:19:5909:19May-2306-May-2312、世、世間成事，不求其成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美留一份不足，可得無限完美09:19:5909:19:5909:19Saturday,May 6,202313、不知香、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰寺，數(shù)里入云峰5月月-235月月-2309:19:5909:19:59May 6,202314、意志、意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一一樣任意揉捏任意揉捏06 五月五月 20239:19:59 上午上午09:19:595月月-2315、楚塞三湘接，、楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。

九派通五月五月 239:19 上午上午5月月-2309:19May 6,202316、少年十五二十、少年十五二十時，步行，步行奪得胡得胡馬騎2023/5/6 9:19:5909:19:5906 May 202317、空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋9:19:59 上午上午9:19 上午上午09:19:595月月-239、楊柳散和柳散和風(fēng)，青山澹吾，青山澹吾慮5月月-235月月-23Saturday,May 6,202310、閱讀一切好一切好書如同和如同和過去最杰出的人去最杰出的人談話09:19:5909:19:5909:195/6/2023 9:19:59 AM11、越是沒有本、越是沒有本領(lǐng)的就越加自命不凡的就越加自命不凡5月月-2309:19:5909:19May-2306-May-2312、越是無能的人，越喜、越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔挑剔別人的人的錯兒09:19:5909:19:5909:19Saturday,May 6,202313、知人者智，自知者明知人者智，自知者明勝人者有力，自人者有力，自勝者者強5月月-235月月-2309:19:5909:19:59May 6,202314、意志、意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一一樣任意揉捏。

任意揉捏06 五月五月 20239:19:59 上午上午09:19:595月月-2315、最具挑、最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑性的挑戰(zhàn)莫莫過于提升自我于提升自我五月五月 239:19 上午上午5月月-2309:19May 6,202316、業(yè)余生活要有意余生活要有意義，不要越，不要越軌2023/5/6 9:19:5909:19:5906 May 202317、一個人即使已登上、一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自峰，也仍要自強不息9:19:59 上午上午9:19 上午上午09:19:595月月-23MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感謝謝您您的的下下載載觀觀看看專家告訴演講完畢，謝謝觀看！。

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